VERTICO: The Virgo Environment Traced in CO
ALMA Large Program | Project Code: 2019.1.00763.L | Cycle 7
PI: Toby Brown (HAA-NRC)
The VERTICO—Virgo Environment Traced in Carbon Monoxide—Survey observed the gas reservoirs in 51 galaxies in the nearby Virgo Cluster and found that the extreme environment in the cluster was killing galaxies by robbing them of their star-forming fuel. In this composite image, ALMA’s radio wavelength observations of the VERTICO galaxies’ molecular gas disks are magnified by a factor of 20. They are overlaid on the X-ray image of the hot plasma within the Virgo Cluster.
Credit: ALMA (ESO/NAOJ/NRAO)/S. Dagnello (NRAO)/Böhringer et al. (ROSAT All-Sky Survey)
1. Program Abstract
The Virgo Environment Traced in CO (VERTICO) survey was designed to map 12CO(2-1), 13CO(2-1), and C18O(2-1) in 51 Virgo Cluster galaxies (36 new + 15 archival) with the Atacama Compact Array, part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The primary motivation of VERTICO is to understand the physical mechanisms that perturb molecular gas disks, and therefore star formation and galaxy evolution, in dense environments. With this in mind, the survey provides a homogeneous legacy data set for studying galaxy evolution in our closest cluster. Brown et al. (2021) provides an overview of VERTICO's design and sample selection, 12CO(2-1) observations, and data reduction procedures.
2. Project Codes
|
Project Code |
Title |
PI |
|
2019.1.00763.L |
VERTICO: The Virgo Environment Traced in CO |
Brown, Toby |
|
2017.1.00886.L |
100,000 Molecular Clouds Across the Main Sequence: GMCs as the Drivers of Galaxy Evolution |
Schinnerer, Eva |
|
2016.1.00912.S |
ALMA Mapping of a Great Case of Ongoing Ram Pressure Stripping in the Nearby Virgo Cluster |
Kenney, Jeffrey |
|
2015.1.00956.S |
How Does Cloud-Scale Physics Drive Galaxy Evolution? |
Leroy, Adam |
3. Team Members
| Name | Affiliation | Country |
| Adam Stevens | ICRAR-UWA | Australia |
| Adam Watts | ICRAR-UWA | Australia |
| Aeree Chung | Yonsei University | South Korea |
| Alberto Bolatto | University of Maryland | US |
| Alessandro Boselli | Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille | France |
| Angus Mok | University of Toledo | US |
| Barbara Catinella | ICRAR-UWA | Australia |
| Benedikt Diemer | University of Maryland | US |
| Bumhyun Lee | KASI | South Korea |
| Chris Wilson (co-PI) | McMaster University | Canada |
| Claire Cashmore | University of Hull | UK |
| Claudia Lagos | ICRAR-UWA | Australia |
| Dhruv Bisaria | Queen's University | Canada |
| Hyein Yoon | Yonsei University | South Korea |
| Ian Roberts | McMaster University | Canada |
| James Wadsley | McMaster University | Canada |
| Jiayi Sun | McMaster University | Canada |
| Katya Leidig | University of Maryland | US |
| Kristine Spekkens | Royal Military College of Canada | Canada |
| Laura Parker | McMaster University | Canada |
| Luca Cortese | ICRAR-UWA | Australia |
| Mallory Thorp | University of Victoria | Canada |
| Maria Jesus Jimenez-Donaire | Observatorio Astronomico Nacional | Spain |
| Nikki Zabel | University of Cape Town | SA |
| Pascal Elahi | ICRAR-UWA | Australia |
| Rory Smith | Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute | South Korea |
| Ryan Chown | McMaster University | Canada |
| Sara Ellison | University of Victoria | Canada |
| Stephanie Tonnesen | Flatiron Institute | US |
| Stuart Vogel | University of Maryland | US |
| Tim Davis | Cardiff University | UK |
| Tirna Deb | Kapteyn Astronomical Institute | Netherlands |
| Toby Brown (PI) | HAA-NRC | Canada |
| Vicente Villanueva Llanos | University of Maryland | US |
| Yannick Bahé | Leiden University | NL |
4. List of Publications
|
Title |
Lead Author |
Reference |
DOI |
|
VERTICO ─ IX. Signatures of environmental processing of the gas in Virgo cluster spiral galaxies through mapping of CO isotopologues |
Davis, Timothy |
||
|
VERTICO and IllustrisTNG: The Spatially Resolved Effects of Environment on Galactic Gas |
Stevens, Adam |
||
|
VERTICO. VII. Environmental Quenching Caused by the Suppression of Molecular Gas Content and Star Formation Efficiency in Virgo Cluster Galaxies |
Brown, Toby |
||
|
VERTICO. VI. Cold-gas asymmetries in Virgo cluster galaxies |
Roberts, Ian |
||
|
VERTICO V: The complex, environmentally-driven evolution of the inner cold gas discs of Virgo cluster galaxies |
Watts, Adam |
||
|
VERTICO IV: Environmental Effects on the Gas Distribution and Star Formation Efficiency of Virgo Cluster Spirals |
Villanueva, Vicente |
||
|
VERTICO III: The Kennicutt-Schmidt relation in Virgo cluster galaxies |
Jiménez Donaire, María J. |
||
|
VERTICO II: How H I-identified Environmental Mechanisms Affect the Molecular Gas in Cluster Galaxies |
Zabel, Nikki |
||
|
VERTICO: The Virgo Environment Traced in CO Survey |
Brown, Toby |
5. Main Deliveries
- 12CO(2-1) data cubes, moment maps (0,1,2,8), position velocity diagrams, spectra. All in FITS or csv format.
6. Links to Other Resources
|
Resource |
URL |
|
Survey Paper |
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ApJS..257...21B/abstract |
|
Public data repository (including multiwavelength) |
|
|
MAUVE is a follow up program combining MUSE, ALMA, and HST observations of VERTICO targets at ~100 pc resolution |
7. Main Science Drivers
8. Observing Strategy